Saturday, 24 October 2015

Write note on Sheridan as a dramatist.



Name :-   Gohel    Ankita     Kishobhai 

Roll no: - 14

Paper No :-  02   (The Neo- Classical age)

Topic: - Write   note on Sheridan as a dramatist.   

Submitted: - smt.  Gardi  m.k   Bhavanagar,   Department    of   English

Year: - 2015- 2017
                                                         


                                      Richard Brinsley Sheridan, statesman and dramatist, was born in Dublin on Oct. 30, 1751. He belonged   to  a highly talented family, his  grandfather, Thomas Sheridan, being  a prominent  Jacobite  and   a historian,andhisfather, also Thomas    Sheridan, a distinguished   actor,  theatrical  manager,  and  author.

                          Sheridan was   educated for the bar, but the  success of his comedy, “The Rivalsled him into close relations  with  the  theatre. “The Rivals was followed by “St. Patrick’s Day,” a farce; “The Duenna,” a comic opera; “A Trip to Scarborough,” an adaptation fromVanbrugh;“TheSchoolforScandal”   (1777); and  a patriotic melodrama.  “Pizarro.” He  was  manager of Drury Lane Theatre  which he twice had a chief  part  in  rebuilding;  though   he  had  periods  of  marked  prosperity  in  his management,andexerciseda  powerful  influence on   the  stage  history  of his  time.
  
                   
               
Plays by Richard Brinsley Sheridan:-


1)The Rivals (1775)
2)The Duenna (1775)
5)The Camp (1778)
6)The Critic (1779)


     Sheriden    as   a    dramatist :-

            Thomas Brinsley Sheridan was an Irish playwright, librettist, and poet. The following entry presents recent criticism of Sheridan's works. During his brief career as a playwright, Sheridan helped revive the English Restoration comedy of manners, which depicts the amorous intrigues of wealthy society.

                       His best-known comedies, The Rivals (1775) and The School for Scandal (1777), display Sheridan’s talent for sparkling dialogue and farce. Like his Restoration   predecessors    William and William Wycherley, Sheridan satirized society, but unlike them, he softened his humor with gentle morality and sentimentality. While  his plays are frequently  noted  for a  lack  of  Incisiveness and psychological depth, they are considered by most commentators  tobe the  work  of an outstanding theatrical craftsman.   

                              In his comic drama The Rivals Sheridan satirizes manners using humor that is pointed but never cruel. Essentially  an ironic play about character, The  Rivals    presents  a number  of absurd  individuals  and  then     proceeds  to ridicule  their  flaws  and  idiosyncrasies. Among  its  range  of characters, the  play introduces   the  infamous  figure of Mrs. Malaprop,  from whose humorouslyin appropriate  word   usage  the  term “malapropism”  is  derived. Sheridan's   libretto  for the  light  opera  The  Duenna    features  characters and   incidents  drawn   from  Roman  New  Comedy  and  ends  with  a double  marriage  happily realized  despite  the  opposition  of  Don  Jerome—the play's  stodgy  father  figure. Another  of  Sheridan's  minor  works, the farcical St. Patrick's Day; or The Scheming  Lieutenant  exists  very  much  in  the  mode  of  The  Rivals  and endeavors  to amuse  audiences  with its  affable,  if preposterous,  characters. The School for Scandal is both the most popular of Sheridan's comedies and the most strongly reminiscent of the Restoration   period. This attack on a gossip loving society demonstrates Sheridan's brilliant display of wit in its sharp indictment of manners that departs considerably from the gentle tone and approach of The Rivals.  The  story follows double plot as it portrays the manipulative Lady Sneerwell, the hypocritical  Joseph  Surface, the  naïve  socialite Lady Teazle, the  irascible Sir  Peter  Teazle, and  the reformed libertine  Charles   Surface,  among   many  other  comic figures. Heavily influenced by the Duke of Buckingham's    The    Rehearsal,   Sheridan’s The   Critic; or, Tragedy    Rehearsed   provides a satirical look at   the theatrical   world    and is a   burlesque   of the   vanity of   artists and critics.

                      
His   popular  comedy  :-


1)   The   school   for    scandal   :-

                              The school for scandal is a      popular comedy of Sheridan.This play open in the  eighteenth- century  word of  fashion. In  this corrupt  society   Iady  Teazle  has  for a  own  sake                  provided   herself with  a  lover , Joseph  Surface .        meanwhile Joseph , cold hearted hypocrite                                    has   plans  of  his own, one of  which is to marry Sir  Peter  Teazel’s   ward Maria  and other to  supplant  his  own  brother Charles  is  a  good  natured  spend  thrift uncle ‘s  affection. The  uncle  sir  oliver  returns from india,  introduces  himself  as a  money   leader  to Charles whom  he  finds ready  to  sell  even  his  family  portraits ,  expert  that  of  Sir  Oliver himself . This   modest  bit  of  loyality  serves  to  reinstate   the   prodigal  in his  uncle’s  good  opinion , while   Joseph  exposed   on  all   side and   fades  out  of  the  play  in  disgrace.
                              It   is  evident  that  here  we  have  an   amusing   mock  world  where   principle , moral and  social , on which human life is  actullay conduct are  subordinated to the necessities  of  an intrigue. The  characters  bear   an  amazing similitude  to  real  lpeople   and  indeed  many of  them have  long  been  accepted as  a  delineations  of a  certain   qualitites  and  type  but  we  never  forget  while  we  are   with  them  that we  are in stage land . “ At  first  sight  The School for Scandal with  its  opening  scene  in  which   gossip  run  wild, seems to  revive  the  world  of  the   restoration  , drama  but  there is a  diffrences  Light, triffing, frivolous  as   is  Sheridan ‘s  society. It  is  not  fundamentally    and  flagrantly   immoral.   His   people  play  with   fire  but   they  are  not  bured . so  much  had  the  moral  and   social   force  of   the  century  accomplished   in   the    years   since   collier’s  attack  on        the   stage.”


                             Sheridan produced in  “The    School   for   Scandle “  is  a   perfect  example  of  artificial  comedy. He made  use  of  none  of the  licence  which  the restoration dramatist had allowed  themseleve   and  without  departing  for   the  spirit  of   his   own    time  ,  lost  nothing  in  the  way    of    wit   and   effect. “ Besides   the   wit   and  ingenutity   of    a  play”   says   Hazlitt , “ there   is  a  gerenal   spirit  of   frankness   and   generosity   about   it ,  that  relieves   the   heart  as  well   as   clears   the   lungs.  It   professes a    faith    in     the   natural    goodness, as well   as   habitual depravity of   human nature.”


              In   the   first   two  of  his  three   great   plays   “The    Rivals”   and “ The   School   for    Scandal “ he  combines   the  comedy    of   manners   with   a   sentimental    admixture   which is  partially  successful .both plays are remarkable skillful  pieces  of  work  and their  wit  it  needs  only  be   said  that   they  may   challenge  equality  with  congrave  and   Vanbrugh   with   a   little   their   coarseness.


2)   The   Duenna:- 


                           The Duenna is a perfect work of art. It has the utmost sweetness   and   point. The  plot ,  the   characters,   the   dialogue   are   all  complete  in  themselves ,  and   they  are   all  his  own  and   the   best   songs  are   the   best  that     ever  were   written  and  except  those  in  the  Beggar’s      Opera. They have joyous spirit of intoxication in them,     and   a   stain   of   the   most melting    tenderness.

3)   The    Critic   :-
                                                                                                                                      
                       The   final   comedy   is ‘The   Critic’   produced in   1779.  The   Critic   is written  on more  broad    farcical  lines  ,but  within  its  limitations it is  a  delightful  piece of extravaganza  and  displaying  a  gift  of  burlesque  of  the  highest  order. A  combination of a  farcical and   burlesque   it is   a   tradition  of  ‘ The   Knight   of   Burning pestle ’ ,‘ The   Rehearsal ’ ,  and   fielding’s    Pasquine.  In  addition  Sheridan satirizes   the  humour and  affection  connected   with  the  thetre  of  the   time particularly   those  ‘ Iackey  of  the  drama’ the  critic  and  publicity   agent . The   chief   character   is   a Sir   Fretful   plagiary, a   portrite easily   reconisable   by his contempury   dramatists Richard   Cumderland. So  successfully  was  the play ’s  burlesque  that  we  are  told  for  several   years  after   its  production   no tragedy  could be  offered  to  the   theatrical  managers.
                             The   Critic   less   equal  in   equlity ,  again   gives  its   full   of   freedom  to  a   rather  cruel ,   satirical  verse   which  had  been  somewhat  repressed  in  the  preceding   play  by  the  moral  purpose  of the   author . In addition   to   burlesque, decisive fun pocked at the   bombadtic    type of   writing.
                             The  critic exhibits wants of fertility.  It   is   comparatively   slight  , and   even  so  is   made  up    parts   which  have  no  necessary  connection  but  appear to  have  been  put   togather  to  suit  the author’s convey little   concern   with  it  and  figures  in  one scene   only.       Then  the  idea  of   burlesque  as  a  satire  on   the  exaggerations   of   tragedy   is   far  from   original,  being  well- known  in  Sheridan ’s   time from  The rehearsal , to say nothing  of  more  recent  example.

Conclusion :-

                            Sheridan had a striking   success  when he   was   very young.  His chief prose   comedies are still  remembered. His plots are from everyday life.  His  description are accurate   and graphics.  His plays are full of sentation  and     scandal,  thrills  andexcitement.  He used irony   and    satire   in a deligate manner.These are wit, charming   dialogue and    beautiful repartee.   He is a   master of    comic sitution   and    of incisive dialogue. his  characters  are   remarkable for their  dramatic  qualities,  but  they  have  no   reality of  the  stage. They are not expression of an existing society. the  reports  of  the   fools  show  as  much  of   the  author’s  wit  as  those  intelligent  characters. The figures  are traditional   rather than taken from life.   Sheridan produced   a   most   brilliant display of firework.


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